A while ago, I asked Google Gemini (AI) about the easiest way to grasp Buddhism’s Three Marks of Existence. The answer started well, ‘a way of looking at reality exactly as it is, without illusions’, and then all seemed to go downhill, and rapidly. Perhaps I had hoped for some deep and profound insight into…
If karma is the observation that intention shapes action, and action shapes experience, then a further question naturally follows: how do we live in a way that supports clarity rather than confusion, ease rather than friction? The Buddha places this question at the very beginning of the Eightfold Path. Not as a moral demand, not…
In early Buddhism, karma was defined as volitional intention (cetanā), where the moral weight of an action lay in the psychological impulse behind it. Intentional acts of body, speech, and mind functioned as seeds that ‘ripened’ into specific results within the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra). Rather than being a system of divine judgment,…